Complications of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Hemoptysis
Blood in the sputum - if excessive and massive patient may collapse and die - due to erosion of arteries in necrotic areas/wall of the cavity
Pleuritis
Pleuritis - Pleuritic pain - toxemia, exertional dyspnea - pleural effusion - if moderate to massive will cause collapse of the lung
Empyema
Collection of pus in the pleural cavity - secondary bacterial infection may occur - ATT, I.C.D., Decortication - Thoracoplasty - ATT, - ICD
Pneumothorax
Coroded alveoli may rupture and cause air collection in the pleural cavity - chest pain, tightness in chest, tension pneumothorax, marked eespiratory distress, tachycardia, cyanosis
Aspergilloma
Endobronchitis
Bronchiectasis
Bronchial tree - wall damage - lumen enlarges (becomes ectatic)
Laryngitis
In advanced Pts. - soreness of throat - dry hacking cough - hoarseness - changed voice - whispering - painful phonation - epiglotitis - painful swallowing - Laryngoscopy reveals ulcer, granuloma, paresis of vocal cords - AFB + - ATT corticosteroids
Cor pulmonale
Extensive destruction - scarring - destruction of pulmoary vasculature - pulmonary hypertension - heart failure - CXR : promnent pulmonary conus, increased transvers diameter of heart, prominent pulmonary arteries ECG : P Pulmonale, RVH & strain, RBB
Ca bronchus
Chronic scar turns into ca
Miliary tuberculosis
Millet like lesions - hematogenous spread - fever - malaise - anorexia - meningeal irritation - CXR : diffuse evenly distributed micronodular shadows - ATT + steroids in severe cases
HIV related opportunistic infections
Intestinal Obstruction
Tuberculous enteritis - stricture - leading to intestinal obstruction
